It means the body is getting oxygen from a source other than itself.
ECMO cannulas are like giant IVs. There is one coming out of the body and one going back into the body.
The blood runs through the ECMO circuit where it is filitered by the oxygenator. This removes carbon dioxide and other waste products the body creates and infuses oxygen. The blood is then pumped back into the body.
It's a very delicate circuit that must be monitored 24/7 by a trained ECMO technician. It monitors blood oxygenation levels as well as things like electrolytes and pH balance. Hourly (if not, more frequent) checks are done by the ECMO tech to check the rate of clotting of the blood.
As needed, blood products (plasma, clotting factors, packed red blood cells etc) are ordered and administered to the patient to maintain balance and safety.
